【定语从句专项练习】在英语学习过程中，定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅能够丰富句子的表达方式，还能使语言更加准确和自然。掌握好定语从句，有助于提高阅读理解能力和写作水平。本文将围绕定语从句进行专项练习，帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是指在句中起定语作用的从句，用来修饰或限定先行词（即被从句所修饰的名词或代词）。定语从句通常由关系代词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如 when, where, why）引导。
例如：
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
（“that I borrowed from the library”是定语从句，修饰“the book”。）
二、定语从句的常见类型
1. 限制性定语从句
用于限定先行词的范围，不能省略，否则会影响句子的意思。
例句：The man who is standing there is my teacher.
（如果去掉“who is standing there”，句子意思就不完整了。）
2. 非限制性定语从句
对先行词进行补充说明，可以省略，不影响主句的基本含义。
例句：My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.
（即使去掉“who lives in Beijing”，句子依然成立。）
三、关系代词与关系副词的用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人，作主语或宾语 | The girl who is talking to Tom is my classmate. |
| whom | 指人，作宾语（正式场合常用） | The man whom you met yesterday is a famous writer. |
| whose| 表示所属关系，指人或物 | The student whose essay won the prize is from Class 3. |
| which| 指物，作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物，作主语或宾语（常用于限制性定语从句） | The book that I bought last week is very useful. |
| when | 指时间，作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点，作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why| 指原因，作状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
四、专项练习题
1. 单项选择题
1. The man ______ is speaking at the meeting is our new manager.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
2. The city ______ she was born is very beautiful.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
3. The book ______ I read last night was very interesting.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. whose
4. The girl ______ mother is a doctor is in my class.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. that
5. I don’t know the reason ______ he didn’t come to the party.
A. why
B. when
C. where
D. what
2. 完成句子
1. The teacher ______ (who/whom) you met yesterday is very kind.
2. This is the place ______ (where/which) I grew up.
3. The boy ______ (whose/that) bag was stolen reported it to the police.
4. The movie ______ (which/that) I watched last night was amazing.
5. Do you remember the time ______ (when/where) we first met?
五、答案与解析
1. 单项选择题答案
1. A
2. A
3. A / C（根据是否为限制性从句）
4. B
5. A
2. 完成句子参考答案
1. whom
2. where
3. whose
4. that / which
5. when
六、小结
定语从句是英语中常见的语法现象，正确使用它可以增强句子的逻辑性和表达力。通过不断的练习和积累，同学们可以逐步掌握其用法，并在实际写作和口语中灵活运用。希望本次专项练习对大家的学习有所帮助！
